This question has kept chewing on me, I am reading a couple books on poultry management thatI have on loan from my local university.
In the third edition (1951) of Poultry Husbandry, Morley Jull (Professor and Head of Poultry Department, University of Maryland, College Park, MD) on page 104 writes,
\"Good Fertility in 10 days. In flock and pen matings it is possible to secure a fertile egg approximately 24 hr. after copulation takes place, but a high percentage of fertile eggs is not likely to be obtained within 5 to 7 days after making up a mating. In order to secure maximum fertility before starting to save eggs, it is well to make up matings at least 10 days in advance.
Good Fertility for 10 Days after Matings Discontinued. While it is possible to secure a fertile egg for as long as 31 days after copulation has taken place, the per cent of fertile eggs tends to decline about the fifth day and declines sharply following the tenth day after the males have been removed from the breeding pens.\"