You didn\'t say how long the pullet has been laying, so I\'ll guess at least a couple of weeks? My opinions follow in the order the questions were asked.
1) no
2)The sire\'s father was not taken into account, he was probably hetero for the blue egg gene (O) and did not pass O onto his son, the father of the pullet in question. You did the right thing, but unless you know the entire pedigree there are no guarantees.
3)It is a single dominant gene. That means it is expressed by one gene (O), but in order to breed true for blue egg, a chicken must inherit O from both parents, not just one.
4) Entire books have been written on poultry genetics. What are you looking for? I would recommend the poultry genetics website by Sellers for starters. Here is the address:
http://sellers.kippenjungle.nl/page3.html Just as an aside, the term roo is generally held in disdain by many experienced poultry folks. The correct and therefore favored terminology is cock, cockerel, or rooster.